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Stock markets are exchanges where existing owners of shares can trade with potential buyers and sellers. They’re known as secondary markets because you buy and sell shares from and to existing shareholders, not directly from the company.

Broadly speaking, a bear market is one in which prices are heading down or are expected to fall and a bull market is used to describe a market where prices are rising or are expected to increase.

Generally, when a market is said to be bullish, people are looking to invest more as market confidence is higher and markets are increasing in value. Generally bearish markets, investors tend to invest less due to a more pessimistic market outlook as markets decrease in value.