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Instruments, such as exchange traded funds (ETFs), are selected by Robo-Advisor based on the investment objectives and risk profile of the model portfolio.

During the selection process, factors up for consideration include asset classes, expected return, geographies, risk, sectors, and the diversification benefits of the individual instruments. The selection process may also consider fees, liquidity, and other characteristics of the instruments, as well as any specific constraints or considerations.

In some cases, Robo-Advisor selects instruments based on a set of investment principles or a particular investment philosophy, such as modern portfolio theory or value investing.