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Stock markets are exchanges where existing owners of shares can trade with potential buyers. They’re known as secondary markets because you buy and sell shares with other investors. The primary market is where new securities are issued to investors.

Broadly speaking, a bear market is one in which overall stock prices have a sustained decrease in value and a bull market is one in which overall stock prices have a sustained increase in value.

Generally, when a market is said to be bullish, people are looking to invest more as market confidence is higher and markets are increasing in value. Generally bearish markets, investors tend to invest less due to a more pessimistic market outlook as markets decrease in value.